Assessment of Commercial Effluents in Reference of Some Selected Parameter of Siltara Industrial Area, Raipur.
Milan Hait1*, Kavita Nag1, Shivi Sharma1, Sangeeta Sharma2 and Leena Sahu3.
1Dept. of Chemistry, Dr. C.V. Raman University, Kargi Road, Kota, Bilaspur, C.G.-495113.
2Dept. of Biotechnology, Dr. C.V. Raman University, Kargi Road, Kota, Bilaspur, C.G.-495113.
3Dept. of Pharmacy, Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Tekari, Raipur, C.G.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: milan_hait@yahoo.co.in
ABSTRACT:
Analytical studies of some selected physicochemical parameter were made on the surface and underground water bodies at Siltara industrial area, Raipur. Siltara industrial area is situated 5 km away from the Raipur city, Chhattisgarh. Both surface and underground water samples were collected in the month of October’2010. Temperature, PH, E.C, Salinity, TDS, D.O etc. were analyzed instantly on the sampling spots while T.S, TSS, TH, Alkalinity, D.O, BOD, COD, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, Fe etc. were analyzed in the laboratory of pollution Control Board, Bilaspur, C.G. It was observed that Temperature, PH, Alkalinity, TH, DO, BOD, Cl−, SO42−, NO3− and Fe have higher value than maximum permissible limit of IS: 10500. The elevated values of these parameters are of great concern to public health when the water from these well, bore well and hand pump are consumed by people without treatment. Commercial effluents polluted both surface and underground water bodies.
KEYWORDS: Physiochemical property, commercial effluent, surface water, underground water.
INTRODUCTION:
Our planet, Earth is the only one on which life exists. Life on the earth is dependent on many factors. The resources available on the earth and energy from the sun are necessary to meet the basic requirement of all life forms on the earth1. Water occupies a very large area of the earth surface and is also found in underground. Some amount of water exists in the form of water vapour in the atmosphere most of the water on the earth surface is found in seas and ocean and is saline. Fresh water is found frozen in the ice caps at the two poles and on snow-covered mountains. The underground water and the water in rivers, lakes and ponds is also fresh. However, the availability of fresh water varies from place to place. Practically every summer, most places have to face a shortage of water. In rural areas where water supply systems have not been in staked, people are forced to spent considerable amounts of time in fetching water from far away sources2-4. With the explosion of population and rapid growth of industries pollution has been continuously increasing.
The pollutant present in air in the industrial area ultimately contaminated water of river, lake, spring etc. through rains and the discharge and industrial water fall on different source of water resource causes water pollution. This waste is discharged on the land surface; it percolates down the earth surface and contaminates ground water5-6.
Raipur is an administrative as well as industrial capital of Chhattisgarh. Raipur city is situated on the bank of Kharun River and near the central large fertile planar of Chhattisgarh with a height of 298.15 m. Raipur has subtropical climate. The average rainfall in the city and surrounding area is 1300 mm, mostly the monsoon season from late June to early October. Siltara is located 21°22'19" N latitude and 81°40'23" E longitude and 5 km away from the city centre. At Siltara, there are so many industrial units like Coal, Power, Steel, Aluminum etc. are located. Due to huge industrialization at Siltara, sub urban area of Raipur air, water and soil continuously getting polluted, so it is necessary to analyze the extent of pollution present in different water system of this area.
MATERIAL AND METHOD:
In our study, we have selected seven sampling spot which were named as SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4, SW5, SW6 and SW7. Water samples from the study area, selected surface and underground water bodies of Siltara (industrial area, Raipur) were collected and analyses were carried out by the standard protocol7-20. Water samples were collected in 2 lit. Polyethylene jerry canes previously soaked with 8M HNO3 and clean with detergent followed by rinsing with double distilled water. The collected water samples were preserved in ice cooled chamber and kept in dark room7,16,17. Double distilled water was always used in the analysis and in all the solution preparation. All the chemicals used in the investigation were of analytical grade procured from E marks, Germany and Qualigens, Mumbai India of high purity. All the glassware are of graduated, calibrated and of carrying grade, manufacture by Borosil, India.
The following parameters were analyzed using standard procedures; Temperature, pH, E.C, Salinity, T.S, TDS, TSS, Alkalinity, D.O, BOD, COD, F−, Cl−, SO42−, Fe, NO3− etc. The Temperature, pH, EC, DO, TDS, Salinity etc. were monitored instantly on the water sample spot while the others were analyzed in the laboratory of pollution Control Board, Bilaspur, C.G. The results are tabulated in the table 1. Temperature, pH, E.C, Salinity, TDS and D.O were measured With Electronic India made nine parameter analyzer kit (Model No.172). Total hardness was determined by complexometric titration with standard EDTA as titrant in the presence of EBT indicator. TS was determined by gravimetrically while TSS was determined by subtracting TS and TDS. BOD was determined by incubation method and COD was determined by reflux method. Cl− was determined by AgNO3 titration method using K2Cr2O7 as indicator (Vogel and Bassett, 1978). SO42−, NO3− and Fe were determined by spectrophotometrically (HACH DR/2010, UK).
RESULT AND DISCUSSION:
In our investigation we have analyzed some physiochemical properties of commercial effluents in industrial area of Raipur, Siltara. We have selected important water source where untreated or partially treated industrial effluents are discharged. The chosen Sampling spot were named as SW1 (Naya talab), SW2 (Hathni talab), SW3 (well), SW4 (Hand pump), SW5 (bore well), SW6 (Chokra nala), SW7 (Kharun river). After experiment the data were obtained which has compared with the desirable and permissible limit as per IS: 10500, WHO and APHA. The results of the selected parameters are discussed in the following heading:
Temperature: The standard temperature for the portable water is 7o C to 11oC. In our study the temperature range was obtained from 25oC to 30.2oC as the minimum and maximum from spot SW5 and SW7 respectively. This temperature was 3-4 times greater than standard temperature.
pH : The standard pH of the drinking water is 6.5 to 8.5 on per different water monitoring agencies. In our investigation the result were obtained from 7.01 to 8.70. The high pH 8.70 was showed from the sampling spot SW2. The reason may be discharged of industrial wastes containing high quality of OH– and HCO3– ion.
EC : The values were recorded from 0.87 to 1.53 as low and high value on the sampling spot SW7 and SW5. This low and higher value indicates the amount of dissolved ion in different water source.
Salinity: The value was obtained in mg/L from 600 to 1400 from sampling spot SW7 and SW5. The maximum value was above the permissible limit prescribed by the IS: 10500.
TDS: It was measured 520 mg/L as minimum while 1020 mg/L as the maximum value from sampling spot SW7 and SW5 respectively. The maximum value was above the desirable limit. The data clearly indicates the dissolve ion was lower which was supported from EC and Salinity.
TS: The high value was reported above the desirable limit on the sampling spot SW6, 1200 mg/L and low value was reported on the sampling spot on SW7, 610 mg/L. This maximum value indicates an industrial effluent has discharge before treatment in the different water system.
TSS: The minimum value, 70 mg/L was reported on spot SW3 while maximum value was 290 mg/L on SW6.
Alkalinity: 300 mg/L was reported as the minimum value was from spot SW7 and sampling spot SW2 showed maximum value 1000 mg/L. Both maximum and minimum value was above the permissible limit 200 mg/L as per the IS: 10500. The higher alkalinity is due to the presence of higher amount of OH– ion.
Total Hardness: The low and high value of TH was reported on SW1 and SW4: 600 mg/L and 810 mg/L respectively. The high value may cause the presence of Ca2+, Sr2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, Cl–, SO42– ions.
D.O: The minimum value was showed 25 mg/L from spot SW7 and 40 mg/L as the high value from the spot SW1. All the sampling spot mentioned, above the desirable and permissible limit, 5 mg/L as per the IS: 10500. The high values of D.O indicate the aquatic environment is fit for the aquatic animal.
BOD: This parameter was showed 3.29 mg/L as low and 9.20 mg/L as the high value on sampling spot SW6 and SW3 respectively. The higher value of BOD showed above the permissible limit, 5 mg/L as per the IS: 10500.
COD: The minimum value was obtained 3.50 mg/L on the spot SW6 and the maximum value was obtained 13.41 on SW3 which is below the permissible limit as per the IS: 10500.
Table 1: Water quality at Siltara Industrial area
|
Parameter/ sampling spot |
SW1 |
SW2 |
SW3 |
SW4 |
SW5 |
SW6 |
SW7 |
IS: 10500 Limits |
|
Temperature |
26 |
25.5 |
25.7 |
26.4 |
25 |
30 |
30.2 |
|
|
PH |
8.3 |
8.7 |
7.2 |
7.02 |
7.01 |
7.62 |
7.64 |
6.5-8.5 |
|
Conductivity |
1.06 |
1.35 |
0.83 |
1.41 |
1.53 |
1.35 |
0.87 |
|
|
Salinity |
900 |
1200 |
700 |
1300 |
1400 |
1200 |
600 |
|
|
TS |
940 |
910 |
620 |
1040 |
1105 |
1200 |
610 |
500-2000 |
|
TDS |
690 |
890 |
550 |
930 |
1020 |
910 |
520 |
500-2000 |
|
TSS |
250 |
120 |
70 |
110 |
85 |
290 |
90 |
20-50 |
|
Alkalinity |
500 |
1000 |
600 |
700 |
800 |
900 |
300 |
200-600 |
|
Total Hardness |
600 |
800 |
615 |
810 |
760 |
700 |
620 |
300-600 |
|
D.O |
40 |
34 |
30 |
39.6 |
36 |
32.5 |
25 |
5 |
|
B.O.D |
10 |
13.4 |
13.41 |
12.6 |
9.83 |
3.5 |
11.25 |
5 |
|
C.O.D |
6.21 |
4.25 |
9.2 |
7.15 |
6.48 |
3.9 |
8.2 |
10 |
|
Cl− |
1152 |
1156 |
1124 |
1077 |
1059 |
1181 |
887 |
250-1000 |
|
F− |
1.08 |
1.12 |
0.99 |
1.1 |
1.32 |
1.21 |
1.2 |
0.5-1.5 |
|
SO42− |
450 |
400 |
410 |
410 |
420 |
450 |
460 |
200-400 |
|
NO3− |
43.5 |
59.7 |
63.1 |
78.4 |
57.8 |
63.8 |
48.4 |
45 |
|
Fe |
1.31 |
1.99 |
1 |
1.78 |
1.2 |
1.34 |
1.5 |
0.1-1.0 |
SW1 – Naya Talab, SW2 – Hathni Talab, SW3 – Well, SW4 – Hand Pump, SW5 – Bore Well, SW6 – Chokra Nala, SW7 – Kharun River
Cl−: It was measured by argentometric titration method, 887 mg/L as the low value and 1181 mg/L as the high value was reported from the sampling spot SW7 and SW6 respectively.
F− : It was measured by spectrophotometrically at 570 nm by preparing and comparing with standard curve. The result of this parameter was obtained under desirable limit 1.08 mg/L (on sampling spot SW1) to 1.32 mg/L (on sampling spot SW5).
SO42− : It was detected by spectrophotometrically at 420 nm by preparing and comparing with standard curve. 460 mg/L was noted down as maximum amount on sampling spot SW7 while 400 mg/L minimum value on sampling spot SW2.
NO3− : It was measured spectrophotometrically at 410 nm by preparing and comparing with standard curve. 43.5 mg/L was noted down as minimum value while 78.4 mg/L as maximum value on sampling spot SW1 and SW4 respectively.
Fe : It was detected by spectrophotometrically at 510 nm by preparing and comparing with standard curve. Its value was obtained above the desirable limit. The maximum value was reported 1.99 mg/L on sampling spot SW2 while minimum value was reported 1.00 mg/L on sampling spot SW3. The higher value was due to contamination of industrial effluents.
CONCLUSION:
The value of some physicochemical properties (Temperature, PH, Salinity, TSS, Alkalinity, Total hardness, DO, BOD, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, Fe etc.) in the study of surface and underground waters is higher than the recommended limit is an indication of pollution hazards. Both surface water and underground water bodies are polluted with the contamination of commercial effluents which may hampered public health.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
The authors are grateful to Mr. S. K. Verma, Junior Scientist and Mr. P. B. Patel, Regional officer, Pollution Control board, Bilaspur for their kind help and providing research facilities to carry out the research work.
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Received on 24.05.2011 Modified on 27.05.2011
Accepted on 01.06.2011 © AJRC All right reserved
Asian J. Research Chem. 4(8): August, 2011; Page 1290-1292